1.	In your text, psychology is defined as the _____.	
A)	science of conscious and unconscious forces on behavior	
B)	empirical study of the mind	
C)	scientific study of the mind	
D)	scientific study of behavior and mental processes	

2.	Which of the following is NOT a mental process?	
A)	thinking	
B)	feeling	
C)	reading	
D)	dreaming	

3.	Which of the following is the BEST example of psychology's goal of describing behavior?	
A)	giving an interest-inventory (test) at a college counseling center to determine what career or college choices would best suit a student	
B)	conducting an experiment to determine if watching violent cartoons increases aggressive behavior in preschoolers	
C)	videotaping an intersection with four-way stop signs and measuring the ratio of complete to incomplete stops made by drivers	
D)	sending first-time drug offenders to an inpatient treatment program rather than to jail	

4.	Timothy has been reluctant to ask or answer questions in a classroom because when he spoke in his second-grade class his peers laughed at him.  This is a demonstration of which goal of psychology?	
A)	describing behavior	
B)	explaining behavior	
C)	predicting behavior	
D)	changing behavior	

5.	Samantha specializes in evaluating, diagnosing, and treating mental and behavioral disorders. Samantha is a           psychologist.	
A)	experimental	
B)	biopsychologist	
C)	clinical	
D)	developmental	

6.	The father of psychology is ________.	
A)	Sigmund Freud	
B)	B. F. Skinner	
C)	Wilhelm Wundt	
D)	William James	

7.	The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what theory of personality?	
A)	psychobiological	
B)	psychosocial	
C)	psychoanalytic	
D)	psychobehavioral	

8.	The psychological perspective that emphasizes objective, observable environmental influences of overt behavior is called the __________________________.	
A)	Psychodynamic perspective	
B)	Functionalist perspective.	
C)	Overt perspective.	
D)	Behavioral perspective.	

9.	The psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s that stressed free will, self-actualization, and human nature as naturally positive and growth seeking was the __________  perspective.	
A)	Behavioral	
B)	Cognitive	
C)	Humanistic	
D)	Psychodynamic	

10.	A state of self-fulfillment in which we realize our highest potential, according to Abraham Maslow, is called _____.	
A)	self satisfaction	
B)	joy	
C)	self actualization	
D)	accomplishment	

11.	Natural selection, adaptation, and the evolution of behavior patterns are major emphases in the _____ perspective of psychology.	
A)	psychobiological	
B)	psychosocial	
C)	ecological	
D)	evolutionary	

12.	Your text defines a hypothesis as a _____.	
A)	specific prediction about how one variable is related to another	
B)	precise definition of how variables will be observed and measured in a study	
C)	concept that explains previously gathered data	
D)	all of these options	

13.	Your text defines a theory as _________ .	
A)	an explanation for a behavior being studied that can be answered or affirmed by an experiment or series of observations	
B)	an interrelated set of concepts that explains a body of research	
C)	the expression of a prediction or a statement of cause and effect	
D)	all of these options	

14.	A participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told what to expect is known as _____.	
A)	participant observer	
B)	placebo effect	
C)	informed consent	
D)	debriefing	

15.	You are unsure whether you want to complete an experiment you began an hour ago.  According to the rules of informed consent, when you ask the researcher if you have to continue, the researcher should respond with _____.	
A)	"You have the right to drop out of the study at any time."	
B)	"I'm sorry, the experiment must continue."	
C)	"Please continue.  I will debrief you afterwards."	
D)	"You may drop the study now, but you will forfeit credit."	

16.	According to your text, debriefing is _____.	
A)	interviewing subjects after a study to find out what they were thinking during their participation	
B)	explaining the purpose of the study, anticipated results, and deceptions used when the study is over	
C)	disclosing potential physical and emotional risks, and the nature of the study prior to its beginning	
D)	interviewing subjects after a study to determine whether any deceptions were effective in preventing them from learning the true purpose of the study	

17.	If a psychology teacher lets students earn extra credit by volunteering for research, he/she is ethically required to _____.	
A)	volunteer for a study himself/herself	
B)	provide an alternative extra credit activity of equal value	
C)	help conduct the study himself	
D)	all of these options	

18.	The BEST definition of an experiment is _____.	
A)	a standardized scientific procedure for conducting investigations	
B)	the identical treatment of participants in two groups to determine the effect of a dependent variable on an independent variable	
C)	a systematic recording of behavior exhibited by participants in the laboratory	
D)	a carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a causal effect on other variables	

19.	Experimenter bias refers to _____.	
A)	intentional subtle cues given by a researcher that lead a subject to guess what the correct response should be	
B)	the tendency of experimenters to influence the results of a study in the expected direction	
C)	the experimenter's belief that his or her study results are more accurate than any other study's results	
D)	the tendency of experimenters to unintentionally report their results in a manner which always supports their hypotheses	

20.	In experiments, _____ variables are selected and manipulated by the experimenter.	
A)	independent	
B)	intervening	
C)	controlled	
D)	dependent	

21.	Professor Matsos wants to determine if rewards will increase recycling efforts on campus.  The dependent variable in this example is _____.	
A)	rewards vs. no rewards	
B)	the amount of recycling done by students and faculty on campus	
C)	the students who recycle	
D)	Professor Matsos	

22.	Students were divided into two groups. Students in one group were ignored when they talked without raising their hands. Students in the other group were attended to in the teacher's usual manner. The independent variable in this experiment was _____.	
A)	initial levels of talking	
B)	decreased talking	
C)	attention from the teacher	
D)	division of students into two groups	

23.	The experimental group in an experiment is the group in which the participants _____.	
A)	do not receive the independent variable	
B)	receive the dependent variable	
C)	do not receive the DV	
D)	receive the IV or treatment	

24.	The control group in an experiment is the group in which participants _____.	
A)	receive no treatment	
B)	receive the dependent variable	
C)	do not receive the DV	
D)	receive the IV	

25.	The main advantage of naturalistic observation is that it _____.	
A)	eliminates extraneous variables	
B)	allows researchers to obtain data about natural behavior	
C)	is less time-consuming and expensive than other research methods	
D)	all of these options	

26.	Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relation?	
A)	+.78	
B)	-.84	
C)	+.35	
D)	00	

27.	Salary and years of education are _____ correlated, and grade point average and the number of hours of television watched per day are _____ correlated.	
A)	not; positively	
B)	negatively; positively	
C)	positively; not	
D)	positively, negatively	

28.	A neuron is _____.	
A)	The part of a nerve cell that receives information.	
B)	The part of a nerve cell that sends information.	
C)	The part of a nerve cell that creates energy.	
D)	A cell of the nervous system responsible for receiving and transmitting electrochemical information.	

29.	The branching neuron structures that receive neural impulses from other neurons and convey them toward the cell body are called _____.	
A)	myelin sheaths	
B)	axon buttons	
C)	dendrites	
D)	nerves	

30.	An impulse travels through the structures of the neuron in the following order:	
A)	cell body, axon, dendrites	
B)	cell body, dendrites, axon	
C)	dendrites, cell body, axon	
D)	axon, cell body, dendrites	

31.	The BEST definition of the myelin sheath is a _____.	
A)	protein membrane that increases the electrical receptivity of axons	
B)	fatty substance that collects inside axons, slowing the rate of an action potential	
C)	fatty insulation wrapped around some axons that increases the rate at which impulse travel along the axon	
D)	protein that converts food into energy within the nucleus of a neuron	

32.	Neurotransmitters are __________.	
A)	released from the terminal button of a cell	
B)	responsible for electrical communication within a cell	
C)	part of the power house of a cell	
D)	all of the above	

33.	When an axon is not stimulated it is in a polarized state called _____.	
A)	steady state	
B)	homeostasis	
C)	the resting potential	
D)	super polarized	

34.	Similar to firing a bullet from a gun, an action potential either fires completely or not at all. This is known as the _____ law.	
A)	big-bang	
B)	dead-or-alive	
C)	all-or-none	
D)	on-or-off	

35.	What type(s) of messages can one neuron deliver to another?	
A)	excitatory	
B)	inhibitory	
C)	both excitatory and inhibitory	
D)	compound	

36.	Drugs act at the synapse by _____.	
A)	causing the action potential to fire	
B)	replacing, decreasing, or enhancing the amount of neurotransmitter	
C)	initiating the graded potential	
D)	acting to enhance the amount of neurotransmitters	

37.	A collection of glands found throughout the body that manufacture and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to effect behavioral change or maintain normal bodily functions is called the _____.	
A)	nervous system	
B)	alimentary system	
C)	endocrine system	
D)	hypothalamus	

38.	The two major divisions of the nervous system are the _____.	
A)	anterior and posterior	
B)	central and peripheral	
C)	chemical and mechanical	
D)	brain and spinal cord	

39.	What is the major function of our nervous system?	
A)	to convey information	
B)	to keep us safe	
C)	to regulate our heartbeat and respiration	
D)	to help us communicate with others	

40.	The peripheral nervous system _____.	
A)	is composed of the spinal cord and peripheral nerves	
B)	is less important than the central nervous system	
C)	is contained within the skull and spinal column	
D)	includes all the nerves and neurons outside the brain and spinal cord	

41.	The spinal cord is found inside the spinal column and is involved in _____.	
A)	relaying neural information from the body to the brain	
B)	relaying neural information from the brain to the body	
C)	reflexes	
D)	all of these options	

42.	The peripheral nervous system is made up of the______ nervous systems.	
A)	sympathetic and parasympathetic	
B)	central and somatic	
C)	somatic and autonomic	
D)	autonomic and parasympathetic	

43.	The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into two branches called the _____ and _____ systems.	
A)	automatic; semi-automatic	
B)	somatic; peripheral	
C)	afferent; efferent	
D)	sympathetic; parasympathetic	

44.	Frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes make up the _____.	
A)	subcortical area of the brain	
B)	reticular formation	
C)	cerebral cortex	
D)	association areas of the brain	

45.	Beverly had a stroke that has left her with Broca's aphasia even though she can read and write. This suggests her _____ was damaged.	
A)	left parietal lobe	
B)	right temporal lobe	
C)	left frontal lobe	
D)	entire occipital lobe	

46.	Vision and visual perception occur in the _____ lobes.	
A)	occipital	
B)	frontal	
C)	temporal	
D)	parietal	

47.	Although the left and right hemispheres of the brain are specialized, they are normally in close communication through the _____.	
A)	reciprocating circuits	
B)	thalamus	
C)	corpus callosum	
D)	cerebellum	

48.	Sensation is the process of _____ raw sensory data from the internal and external world and transmitting it to the brain.	
A)	receiving and translating	
B)	selecting and organizing	
C)	receiving and organizing	
D)	selecting, receiving, and organizing	

49.	_______ is the mind's window to the outside world.	
A)	perception	
B)	sensation	
C)	audition	
D)	vision	

50.	The key functions of sensation and perception are, respectively, _____.	
A)	stimulation and transduction	
B)	transmission and coding	
C)	detection and interpretation	
D)	interpretation and transmission	

51.	Sensory receptors are _____.	
A)	body cells specialized to receive and process distinct sensory information	
B)	brain cells specialized to detect and respond to stimulus energy	
C)	both of these options	
D)	none of these options	

52.	The smallest magnitude of a particular stimulus energy that can be detected is called its _____ threshold.	
A)	signal	
B)	difference	
C)	absolute	
D)	detection	

53.	The difference threshold is the minimal _____.	
A)	difference needed to notice a stimulus change	
B)	stimulus energy that can be detected by different people	
C)	stimulus energy that can be detected at different times by the same person	
D)	all of these options	

54.	Experiments on subliminal perception have _____.	
A)	supported the existence of the phenomenon, but found it has little or no effect on persuasion	
B)	shown that subliminal perception occurs only among children and some adolescents	
C)	shown that subliminal messages affect only people who are highly suggestible	
D)	failed to support the phenomenon	

55.	Helen Keller learned to “see” and “hear” by using ______.	
A)	Braille	
B)	counting vibrations	
C)	using her sense of touch	
D)	using her sense of smell	

56.	To determine wavelength you would measure from _____.	
A)	top to bottom	
B)	bottom to bottom	
C)	peak to peak	
D)	peak to bottom	

57.	In vision, wavelength determines _____.	
A)	the intensity we see	
B)	the brightness we see	
C)	the complexity we see	
D)	the color we see	

58.	The pathway for light energy is _____.	
A)	pupil - retina - lens - cornea	
B)	lens - pupil - cornea - retina	
C)	cornea - pupil - lens - retina	
D)	retina - pupil - lens - cornea	

59.	The light sensitive inner surface of the back of the eye, which contains rods and cones, is called the _____.	
A)	lens	
B)	cornea	
C)	retina	
D)	fovea	

60.	When you enter a darkened environment, visual processing shifts from cones to rods. This is called _____.	
A)	light adaptation	
B)	light accommodation	
C)	dark accommodation	
D)	dark adaptation	

61.	Which visual receptors adapt faster when confronted with a sudden change in light intensity?	
A)	rods	
B)	cones	
C)	ossicles	
D)	A and B adapt the same	

62.	Which colors are our cones sensitive to, according to the trichromatic theory?	
A)	yellow, blue, and green	
B)	yellow, red, and green	
C)	blue, green, and  red	
D)	yellow, blue, and red	

63.	The mechanical energy from sound waves is transduced into electrochemical impulses by which process below?	
A)	the vibration of the oval window	
B)	the vibration of the eardrum (tympanic membrane)	
C)	the bending of hair cells on the basilar membrane in the cochlea	
D)	the bending of hair cells on the cochlea in the oval window	

64.	Which of the following is the CORRECT pathway traveled by sound waves through the ear?	
A)	cochlea → malleus → incus → stapes → oval window	
B)	oval window → ear drum → basilar membrane → cochlea	
C)	ear drum → malleus → incus → stapes → cochlea	
D)	malleus → incus → stapes → ear drum → cochlea	

65.	With respect to sound waves, frequency determines _____.	
A)	resonance	
B)	decibels	
C)	pitch	
D)	timbre	

66.	Chemical senses involve _____.	
A)	chemoreceptors	
B)	electromagnetic energy	
C)	mechanical vibrations	
D)	all of these options	

67.	The major function of taste is to _____.	
A)	assist the olfactory sense	
B)	screen out substances that might be harmful	
C)	increase appetite	
D)	none of these options	

68.	The skin senses include _____.	
A)	pressure	
B)	pain	
C)	temperature	
D)	all of these options	

69.	Overload of the vestibular sense can result in _____.	
A)	motion sickness	
B)	taste aversion	
C)	color blindness	
D)	middle ear deafness	

70.	When you first put your clothes on this morning you felt them on your skin, but within minutes you no longer noticed them.  This is an example of _____.	
A)	sensory accommodation	
B)	sensory adaptation	
C)	habituation	
D)	the fabric of your life